An Outline Of Terrorist Threats During Africa With The End...

The goal of the paper is to provide an outline of terrorist threats in Africa with the end goal of advising counterterror operations on the continent. Countering the rise of militant extremism has central to U.S. strategy in the Middle East, but the same has not generally been true for Africa. A mix of communal tensions, radical Islamism, and anti-Americanism has produced a breeding ground for militancy. The most concentrated and organized terror threats in the region are composed of three main groups, al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Al-Shabaab, and the Boko Haram. They are motivated primarily by Islamic extremism, but also by economic and political factors, and are regional actors, contributing to instability. Preconditions for†¦show more content†¦The have vulnerable and corrupt central governments, undertrained and underequipped armies and drug trades that provide a source of income. Africa’s Islamists are able to take advantage of the fact that many of the continent’s countries have porous borders; weak central governments and militaries; and lawless spaces that are large and far away from major American military bases in the Middle East and Afghanistan. Ineffective Regional Response The capacity of African states to combat terrorism is limited and counterterrorism operations are not a priority for many states. Although they receive support from the African Union (AU), the African state is the primary instrument, while the AU provides frameworks and strategies for individual state action. This reliance on the African state is also the weakness of any counterterror efforts. Political leaders have used terrorist threats as an excuse to consolidate their rule and undermine democracy, alienating their populations. This makes the citizens vulnerable to the propaganda of extremists and genuine counterterror efforts more difficult. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Goals Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) is a jihadist militant group operating in the Sahel region that includes Niger, Mauritania, and Mali. The group originated during Algeria s civil war, and has become a regional al-Qaeda affiliate.

Franz Kafka as a Hunger Artist - 2806 Words

Through much of Franz Kafka’s writing, the reader can see how his personal experiences and viewpoints are clearly worked into his many stories. One of which stands out is his story A Hunger Artist. In this story Kafka speaks through the hunger artist of the alienation and isolation he feels in his own body, as well as the emptiness he feels as a result of the disconnected relationship he and his father share. Ironically this emptiness manifests itself quite literally at the end of Kafka’s life, when he dies as a result of tuberculosis of the larynx, which causes him to literally starve to death, just as the hunger artist in the story. It was said about his writing â€Å"the early manifestations of authentic originality were nurtured in solitary†¦show more content†¦Like the hunger artist, he too lived in a state of constant want for both food and recognition, as he longed for his father’s acceptance. From the very beginning of Kaka’s life, his fa mily had been organized by, around, and for the benefit of his overbearing father. As a result of his father’s constant criticisms, Kafka began to criticize himself, as he felt crushed by his ever present burden of guilt, which he turned into self-hatred. â€Å"One of the most significant influences on Kafka’s life and work was his domineering father. Kafka’s stories often contain themes drawn from the burden of his father’s tyranny in his home life, depicting settings of confinement as well as convoluted systems of punishment and other expressions of seemingly all powerful authority.† (Miline 100) He blames his father for having robbed him of his childhood, never giving him the attention he is starving for, and like the hunger artist, he spends his whole life seeking it. The most sustained account of Kafka’s childhood is seen by Kafka himself, contained in the fifty-pageShow MoreRelatedFranz Kafka s A Hunger Artist And The Metamorphosis1155 Words   |  5 Pageswhole life and leaving this world as a nobody. The writings of Franz Kafka not only spoke of the absurdity of life, but also about who he was. They told about what type of human being he was, and how he was feeling. You can see this in both of his well known short stories, A Hunger Artist and The Metamorphosis. I believe that there is a personal link between author and character and that it can be found in most of his works. Franz Kafka was born on July 3, 1883, in Prague. The writer grew up in a middle-classRead MoreEssay on Artist Pain Exposed in Kafkas A Hunger Artist794 Words   |  4 PagesArtist Pain Exposed in Kafkas A Hunger Artist      Ã‚  Ã‚   In A Hunger Artist, Kafka comments on the life of the modern artist through the life of a hunger artist. Kafka comments that the modern artist is always dissatisfied with his or her art. The modern artist also is trapped in a harsh and capricious world, in which the artist struggles to maintain his or her audience by pushing the extreme, but are cheated because they do not receive his or her recognition. Finally, in A Hunger Artist KafkaRead MoreThe Metamorphosis, A Hunger Artist, And The Trial1371 Words   |  6 Pagespain than it is of joy. Franz Kafka explores these feelings. Franz Kafka journeys and displays the complicated genre of alienation and psychological tribulation of mankind in his stories, The Metamorphosis, A Hunger Artist, and The Trial. On July 3, 1883, Franz Kafka was born to a mother who was oblivious to his ambitions and to a father who held the family with vises. In the city of Prague, where he was born, he saw the true face of his father within his household (Franz, par 1). A man who controlledRead MoreFranz Kafka an Artis Hungry for Pride867 Words   |  3 PagesIn Franz Kafka’s short story, â€Å"A Hunger Artist†, Kafka introduces an eccentric man known as the Hunger Artist. The Hunger Artist has committed his entire life to the art of fasting, allowing himself to be caged and displayed to the public as if he were a painting (Kafka 198). Despite all the emotional turmoil he endures, he takes a great amount of pride in fasting and believes that he can fast for extremely elongated periods (Kafka 200). Unfortunately, his pride not only causes internal conflictsRead MoreEssay on Franz Kafkas Use of Humor1619 Words   |  7 PagesFranz Kafkas Use of Humor Franz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. His works have been called cloudy, mysterious, inexplicable (Oates ix). Most people hear the term Kafkan or Kafkaesque and think of dark, fantastic tales with almost no basis in our known reality. But what of Kafkas sense of humor? I personally laughed out loud several times while reading Kafkas Amerika. Were these snippetsRead More Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist1401 Words   |  6 PagesExistentialism in The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist       Existentialism is a philosophy dealing with mans aloneness in the universe. Either there is no God or else God stands apart from man, leaving him free will to make his own choices. From this basic idea of man being alone in an uncertain and purposeless world, many related ideas have developed. One great worry of existentialist writers is that life is becoming too complicated and too impersonal. People become more and moreRead MoreObservation In Franz Kafkas A Hunger Artist754 Words   |  4 Pages Observation In Franz Kafka’s â€Å"A Hunger Artist†, he describes the horrifying story of a man who imprisons himself in a cage for forty days without eating because of an inner desire to receive attention from others. The whole town flocks to watch the man accomplish his great feat, and he would â€Å"let them feel how skinny he was† to show off his great accomplishment (Kafka 322). However, the man finds it difficult to complete his fast when the watchmenRead More‘The Metamorphosis’ and ‘A Hunger Artist’980 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many parallels and differences between Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and A Hunger Artist. Kafka portrays these differences and similarities very effectively through his utilization of elements such as transformation, dehumanization, and dedication to work. Through his works, Kafka communicates with the reader in such a way that almost provokes and challenges one’s imagination and cre ativity. Kafka is known for his highly symbolic and oblique style of writing. It is no surpriseRead MoreGregor Is A Type Of Creature1688 Words   |  7 PagesGregor’s new transformation and had no patience. After rejecting Gregor’s useless being his father demonstrates impatience through physical action, he â€Å"was throwing one apple after another,† (493) and eventually, â€Å"[one] penetrated into Gregor’s back. Kafka parallels this universal image of a human trying to get rid of a pest, with that of Gregor’s father trying to get rid of him, and it helps give the reader the perspective of the father as well as Gregor’s by simply describing his attempt to flee andRead MoreEssay about Analysis of The Hunger Artist by Kafka1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of The Hunger Artist by Kafka Hunger is a term that is often defined as the physical feeling for the need to eat. However, the Hunger Artist in Kafkas A Hunger Artist places a different, more complex meaning to this word, making the Hunger Artists name rather ironic. The hunger of the Hunger Artist is not for food. As described at the end of the essay, the Hunger Artist states that he was in fact never hungry, he just never found anything that he liked. So then, what does this

Great Love Quotes That Will Evoke the Flame of Love

Great is what great does. Great love quotes are no exception to this rule. These love quotes have become great because they have infused and inspired the feelings of love in many a soul. A few of these great love quotes are sure to stir up love and romantic feelings in your heart too. Love is the strange bewilderment, which overtakes one person on account of another person. James Thurber and E. B. White The best and most beautiful things in this world cannot be seen or even heard, but must be felt with the heart. Helen Keller The most difficult thing to explain in life is the simplest truth called love. Ramanathan Srinivasan A dream you dream alone is only a dream. A dream you dream together is reality. John Lennon Its a very dangerous state. You are inclined to recklessness and kind of tune out the rest of your life and everything thats been important to you. Its actually not all that pleasurable. I dont know who the hell wants to get in a situation where you cant bear an hour without somebodys company. Colin Firth As we have explained, in first love the soul is taken long before the body; later the body is taken long before the soul; sometimes the soul is not taken at all. Victor Hugo As soon go kindle fire with snow, as seek to quench the fire of love with words. William Shakespeare Love cannot endure indifference. It needs to be wanted. Like a lamp, it needs to be fed out of the oil of anothers heart, or its flame burns low. Henry Ward Beecher Love is when you look into someones eyes and go all the way inside; to their soul and you both know... instantly! Angela Chase Find the person who will love you because of your differences and not in spite of them and you have found a lover for life. Leo Buscaglia With love one can live even without happiness. Fyodor Dostoyevsky Love is a better teacher than duty. Albert Einstein The prerequisite for making love is to like someone enormously. Helen Gurley Brown To love is nothing. To be loved is something. But to love and be loved, thats everything! T. Tolis True love stories never have endings. Richard Bach A woman knows the face of the man she loves as a sailor knows the open sea. Honore de Balzac In real love you want the other persons good. In romantic love you want the other person. Margaret Anderson Youll discover that real love is millions of miles past falling in love with anyone or anything. When you make that one effort to feel compassion instead of blame or self-blame, the heart opens again and continues opening. Sara Paddison Love is like war: easy to begin but very hard to stop. H. L. Mencken True love is when your heart and your minds are saying the same thing. Leanna L. Bartram I have found the paradox that if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love. Mother Teresa Truly loving another means letting go of all expectations. It means full acceptance, even celebration of anothers personhood. Karen Casey Love is a friendship set to music. Joseph Campbell Blessed is the season, which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love. Hamilton Wright Mabie I think what motivates people is not great hate, but great love for other people. Huey Newton Life without love is like a tree without blossoms or fruit. Khalil Gibran Love takes off masks that we fear we cannot live without and know we cannot live within. James Baldwin Love is a gift, not an obligation, follow your heart and always trust the person you love. Anonymous Love does not begin and end the way we seem to think it does. Love is a battle, love is a war; love is a growing up. James A. Baldwin Honesty is the only way with anyone, when youll be so close as to be living inside each others skins. Lois McMaster Bujold Love is something eternal†¦ The aspect may change, but not the essence. Vincent Van Gogh Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. William Shakespeare Whats meant to be will always find a way. Trisha Yearwood To be able to say how much you love is to love but little. Petrarch The best proof of love is trust. Joyce Brothers Whoso loves, believes the impossible. Elizabeth Barret Browning

Greek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of...

The stories of the ancient Greeks about their gods, heroes, and explanations of the nature and history of the universe are known as Greek mythology. These stories, or myths, have survived for more than 2,000 years. Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the arts and literature of Western civilization, which inherited much of Greek culture. Like the myths of many other cultures, those of ancient Greece tell how the world was created and help explain why things happen. The ancient Greeks worshipped many gods. Their mythology deals with the creation of the gods and the struggle among them for supreme power. Many Greek myths recount the love affairs and quarrels of the gods. Myths also tell of the effects of the gods adventures and powers on the world of human beings. In these stories, the gods activities are linked with natural phenomena such as thunderstorms or the seasons and with religious sites or rituals. Some Greek myths were primarily religious. For information on the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks, see Greek religion. While some Greek myths were viewed as embodying divine or timeless truths, others were legends that the Greeks believed had some historical basis. In other words, these stories were thought to have been based on events that really happened or on people who really lived. Folktales, consisting of popular recurring themes and told for amusement, also found their way into Greek myth. Greek mythology originated as oralShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology Throughout The Ages916 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Mythology throughout the Ages Greek mythology is the culmination of myths and teaching that began in Ancient Greek. These myths are diverse in the stories that they tell ranging from their gods, their heroes and the nature of the world. They also reveal much about their religious beliefs and practices during Ancient Greece. Today modern scholars study these myths in an attempt to better understand the religious and political practices of Ancient Greece and its civilization of way back whenRead MoreThe Greek Mythology : A Normative Critique1754 Words   |  8 PagesTruly Mythology? The Modern Greek Mythology : A Normative Critique.   Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece and its civilization, and toRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesCoventry University 194 BE Cultural Context Temple Of Hera in the history Discuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architecturalRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8thRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 PagesGreek  Mythology   I   INTRODUCTION   Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma   The  Greeks  built  the  Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma,  Turkey  (about  300  bc).  The  temple  supposedly  housed  an  oracle   who  foretold  the  future  to  those  seeking  knowledge.  The  predictions  of  the  oracles,  delivered  in  the  form  of  riddles,   often  brought  unexpected  results  to  the  seeker.  With  Ionic  columns  reaching  19.5  m  (64  ft)  high,  these  ruins   suggest  the  former  grandeur  of  the  ancient  temple.   Bernard  Cox/Bridgeman  Art  Library,  London/New  York   Read MoreGreek Culture And Its Effects On Human Populations Essay2258 Words   |  10 Pagesvery few eruptions in the recent century, Methana and Nisyros in the Agena are classifies as historically active. Greek is the official language but there are also other languages included in that region lik e English and French. Its ethnic group consist 98% of Greek with the rest, 2% of them being Albanians, Armenians, Bulgarians, Gypsies, Macedonian Slavs, and Turks. Their religion is Greek Orthodox with a 1% being Muslim. Their government is a Parliamentary Republic and legal system based on the RomanRead MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 Pagesland is conferred with the protagonist Scarletts love for the Tara, the power of kinship, the slavery civilization of southern America and the spiritual world of human beings as well as the reliance on it for the modern American. Key words: land; Tara; sociology of novels; slavery civilization; spiritual world Contents Chapter 1 IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…3 Chapter 2 Literature ReviewÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 2.1 Brief Introduction of Margaret Mitchell and Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4Read MoreA Grand Chain Of Rebellion First Beginning Of The Renaissance Era2674 Words   |  11 Pagescities. The abundant sponsorship and income allowed artisans more freedom to indulge in the arts and humanities without worrying about their day-to-day existence, which led to a spurt in creativity by these artisans. During this time, Florence and neighboring Italian towns produced a group of artists who revolutionized art; historians refer to this period as a time of renaissance (rebirth) in the arts—in particular, Jules Michelet, a 19th-century French historian, coined the word Renaissance toRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages1 The Birth of Civilization Mohenjo-Daro Figure. Scholars believe this limestone statue from about 2500 B.C.E. depicts a king or a priest from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a definingRead MoreReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words   |  45 Pagesupon the ancient Arian religion and the Vedas, Buddhism partly built upon Hinduism, and Islam built upon Christianity. But let’s start with the first monotheistic religion, Judaism and what would later become the most influential religion to the Western Society, Christianity. Judaism was built upon the beliefs of ancient nomadic Hebrew peoples that lived in Mesopotamia, and being nomadic, they traveled from Tigris and Euphrates to the Mediterranean Sea. The Jews weren’t the Jews at first though

Nursing Health Assessment Free Essays

DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE COLLEGE OF NURSING AND SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY CITY OF DASMARINAS, CAVITE NURSING HEALTH ASSESSMENT Submitted by: Andrea Antonette D. Balboa Submitted to: Rowena Cepeda-Laigo, RN, MAEd NURSING HEALTH ASSESSMENT I. Status Post Caesarean Section II. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Health Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now HEALTH HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A. Demographic (Biographical Data) Client’s initials: R. R. P. Gender: Female Age, Birthdate and Birthplace: 34, 10/21/1978, Muntinlupa Marital (Civil) Status: Married Nationality: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Address and Telephone Number: Blk 5 Lot 54 Greengate Imus Cavite Educational Background: Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science Occupation (usual and present): Encoder Usual Source of Medical Care: PhilHealth Date of Admission: 01/08/2013 B. Source and Reliability of Information The patient was competent to provide information. She was able to speak clearly; conscious and coherent; oriented to time, place and person. The patient’s chart was also included as a secondary source of information C. Reasons for Seeking Care 1. â€Å"Inadequate size of pelvis† 2. â€Å"Scheduled for caesarean section† D. History of Present Health The expected date of the delivery was January 8, 2013, 8:00AM at St. Paul Hospital. It was a scheduled caesarean section of the patient; not in labor. The patient was calm since it was her second time to deliver a fetus through caesarean section. There were no signs and symptoms of labor happened. The patient foresees to stop adding a family member because they already have a son and a daughter. E. Past Medical History or Past Health a. Pediatric / Childhood / Adult Illnesses The patient did not have any pediatric, childhood or adult illnesses. b. Injuries or Accidents The patient did not have any injuries or accidents. c. Hospitalization and Operations The patient had a caesarean section last 2006, 2007 and 2013. d. Reproductive History The patient had her menarche at the age of 12. Her last menstrual period was April 27, 2012. Her menstrual cycle was 28 days and her menstrual duration was 3 to 4 days. Her obstetric score was G3P2 T2P0A1L2M0. e. Immunization BCG: /? / At Birth /? / School Entrance DPT: /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose OPV: /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose AMV: /? / TT: /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose /? 4th dose /? / 5th dose HBV: /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose Others: None f. Allergies /? / Food, (please specify): Shrimp / / Drugs or medications, (please specify): None / / Chemicals, (please specify): None / / Other environmental allergens, (please specify): None The patient has an allergy in shrimps. The patient experiences hives as an allergic reaction and applies an anti-allergy prescribed by her dermatologist to alleviate the manifestation. g. Medications None G. Socio-Economic History FAMILY MEMBER /RELATIONSHIP TOPATIENT| OCCUPATION /SOURCE OF INCOME| MONTHLY INCOME| R. R. P. | Encoder| P22,000. 00| The patient works as an encoder. The monthly income of P22,000. 00 can only support the basic needs of the family but not particularly of members’ health. It will be not enough and budgeted exclusively for the necessities of the family. H. Psychosocial Assessment Patient’s Age: 34 years old Developmental Stage: Young Adulthood Developmental Task: Intimacy vs Isolation Occurring in young adulthood, we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with someone other than a family member. Successful completion can lead to comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Patient met the developmental task of being in an intimate relationship with her partner. They are married and have 2 kids. I. Functional Assessment 1. Health-Perception-Health Management Pattern The patient’s description of her current health was weak and difficult to get pregnant. The activities that the patient does to improve or maintain his health was to not get over time in work. Patient’s knowledge about links between lifestyle choices and health was not answered. The extent of patient’s problem on financing health care was hopefully the budget will fit. Patient has the knowledge of the names of current medications she was taking and their purpose. Activities that the patient does to prevent problems related to allergies was to apply an anti-allergy prescribed from her dermatologist. Patient has the knowledge about medical problems in the family. There were no important illnesses or injuries in the patient’s life. 2. Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern The patient’s nourishment was to eat fruits and vegetable. Patient’s food choices in comparison with recommended food intake were not answered. The patient has no any disease that affects nutritional-metabolic function. 3. Elimination Pattern The patient’s excretory pattern was constipated. The patient has no any disease of the digestive system, urinary system or skin. 4. Activity-Exercise Pattern The patient’s description of his weekly pattern of activities, leisure, exercise and recreation was to eat outside and considers it as a family bonding. The patient has no any disease that affects his cardio-respiratory and/or Muscoskeletal systems. 5. Sleep-Rest Pattern The description of the patient’s sleep-wake cycle was completed of 8 hours. Patient’s physical appearance was relaxed. 6. Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern The patient has sensory deficit of astigmatism and was not corrected. Patient’s has the ability to express herself clearly and logically. Patient’s education was bachelor’s degree of computer science. The patient has no any disease that affects mental or sensory function. Patient’s pain description was of abdominal because of surgical procedure of caesarean section. 7. Self-Perception-Self Concept Pattern There was no unusual about the person’s appearance. The patient was comfortable with her appearance, simple but comfortable. Description of the patient’s feeling state was happy, comfortable because she already has a baby boy and a girl. She was worried about their financial needs because of the added family member. 8. Role Relationship Pattern Patient’s description of his various roles in life was to be a responsible mother. Positive role model of her roles was her mother, to save for family but she is more of disciplinarian than her mother. Important relationships at present were her family. There were no big changes in role or relationship. . Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern Patient’s satisfaction with her situation related to sexuality was good. If both of them were tired, they don’t do sexual intercourse. The patient’s plans and experiences did not matched regarding having children because everything changed and she was more matured than before. 10. Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern Patient’s means/actions of coping with problems were there must be a goal for her to achieve. Coping actions help even though the goal was partially met as long as it was met. Eat, sleep and hang out were treatments/therapies for emotional distress. 1. Value-Belief Pattern Principles that the patient learned as a child which are still important to her was she does not want shortage, she wants everything to be provided. Patient’s identification with any cultural, ethnic religious or other groups is she is a St. Claire devotee. Support system that the patient finds significant was her family. J. Review of Systems and Physical Examination Date of Examination: January 9, 2013 PHYSICAL SYSTEMS| R. O. S. | P. E. | 1. General Status and Vital Signs| â€Å"Okay naman†| (-) fever(-) tachycardia(-) tachypnea(-) hypertension| 2. Integument (Skin, Hair, and Nails)| â€Å"Okay naman†| (+) pallor(-) skin turgor(-) edema| 3. Head and Neck| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 4. Eyes| â€Å"Okay naman, may astigmatism lang yung left eye ko†| (+) astigmatism| 5. Ears| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 6. Mouth, Throat, Nose and Sinuses| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 7. Thorax and Lungs| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 8. Breast and Lymphatic System| â€Å"Di lang ako makapag-produce ng milk kapag di pa ko kumakain†| (+) inverted nipple (-) breastmilk| 9. Heart and Neck Vessels| â€Å"Nagpapapalpitate ako minsan kapag pagod†| (+) palpitation| 10. Peripheral Vascular System| â€Å"Nagkavaricose veins na ko sa bigat ko, laging nakatayo at nung buntis pa ko ang bigat ng tyan ko†| (+) varicose veins| 11. Abdomen| â€Å"Kumikirot kasi tahi ko†| (+) pain| 12. Genitourinary| â€Å"Nagka-UTI ako nung nagbubuntis pa ko†| (+) rubra lochia(-) urinary tract infection| 13. Anus, Rectum and Prostate| â€Å"Hirap akong tumae†| (+) constipation| 14. Musculoskeletal System| â€Å"Okay naman, ngayon lang ako di makakilos ng maayos dahil masakit tahi pa ko†| (+) limited ROM| 15. Nervous System| â€Å"Okay naman†| (+) conscious| 16. Hematologic| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 17. Endocrine| â€Å"Okay naman†| | 18. Psychiatric| â€Å"Okay naman†| | How to cite Nursing Health Assessment, Papers

Lovastatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor

Question: Discuss about the Lovastatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor. Answer: Introduction: Heart diseases are common. According to the University of Minnesota, John Hunter, a great physician in the eighteenth centurypainted the medical image of angina pectoris in order to explainhow suddendeaths occur. The account of coronary disorders, stroke, and sudden death can be traced back to ancient times and how specialists have treated it thoroughly from different disciplines(Means 2012). It is in this light that the following discussion will cover a widely used medicine to prevent heart attacks and diseases known as Lovastatin. Lovastatin is scientifically known as(HMG-CoA) Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A.It is a reductase and an enzyme that limits the rate in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. It also lowers the cholesterol in the body. This drug was the first HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitor that was used in treating hypercholesterolemia. This is aprescription drug available in the form of an immediate release tablet as well as extended release tablet. Lovastatin prescription is a combination therapy whereby it is accompanied together with weight loss, exercise, and diet, in order to decrease the menace of stroke and heart attack. In addition, it is used to moderate the quantity of cholesterol in the blood by slackening the production of cholesterol to cut a numberoffacts that may accumulate on the arterial walls and block the flow of blood to the heart, brains, and other parts of the body. Primary administration Lovastatin is administered in the evening. The drug is taken orally. This is a tradition that been followed by many physicians. This comes from the fact that cholesterol biosynthesis hepatic HMG-CoA reductase is highest at night and the half-life of statins is usually very short. Lovastatin has half-lives of sixhours or less. For maximum lowering of LDL, lovastatin has to be administered in the evening. This is important to exhibit these enzymes when they are mostly active. After carrying out a study, it was realized that when administering this drug in the evening there were high chances of reducing cholesterol than when compared to administering it during the day(Lewis 2014). Taking of statins in the morning can lead to the rise of cholesterol and low level of lipoprotein. Cholesterol levels are usually very high in the morning and are highest in the afternoon. For a patient who is mostly awake at night, the medication intake of lovastatin is carried after twelve hours of work. The drug should be taken as directed without taking more or less of it or often than the doctors prescription. The tablet should be swallowed whole without splitting, chewing or crushing it and a patient should only stop using the tablet after talking with his/her doctor. Many are times when medicine have allergic reactions on our bodies hence it is crucial to disclose allergies to certain medication or any ingredients in lovastatin. Therefore, it is very important for one to follow instructions when using the drug (Leibowitz 2010).When on lovastatin medication the patient should not tale alcohol , the patient should also avoid taking a lot of grapejuice, this is because the risks of the side effects can be increased. Lovastatin reduces the effects of the following drugs when taken together. These drugs include: ketoconazole, intraconazole, nefazodone, HIV inhibitors, blood thinners, some of cholesterol lowering drugs such as niacin and gemfibrozil. One should inform the doctor on the medication they are on to avoid such risks Lovastatin is hydrolyzed to lactone in vivo. In pharmacokinetics studies, the inhibition of HMG-CoA is usually the basis of this study. After lovastatin was administered orally in a man, .10% of this drug was in urine while 83% was excreted in feces. Excretion in feces indicates that the drug was absorbed and excreted in bile and the presence of theunabsorbed drug. The concentration of plasma of the lovastatin metabolites was high after 2 hours of dosage and declined to 10% after 24hours of dosage. After oral dosage, lovastatin highly selected the liver where it had high concentration than its target tissues. Lovastatin usually undergoes high selectivity of the liver where it was more concentrated than in the target tissues. Extensive first-pass extraction usually happens in the liver. There is also subsequent of the drug equivalent in the bile. Due totheextensive hepatic extraction of this drug, its availability to circulate as active inhibitor is very low. Lovastatin is highly boun d to plasma proteins in humans. This drug crosses the placenta and blood-brain barriers. The most active metabolites in the human plasma are -hydroxyacid of Lovastatin, and two other metabolites(Due and Wroblewski2013). Mechanism of action The liver usually controls hypercholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia. An increase of the LDL receptor can cause the decrease in the levels of cholesterol. Lovastatin is meant to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase.This is the enzymethatchanges HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid. The statin competes withthesubstrate in the active sites of the enzymes. Lovastatin works by stamping down fatty acids and cholesterol in the body. Reduction of this cholesterol can lead to the prevention of vascular disease, heart failure, and strokes. The statin works in the liver in order so as to prevent or inhibit HMG-CoA reductase. After discharging bad cholesterol from the liver, it is discharged in the blood artery vessels. Therefore, the lovastatin works to lower the cholesterol so that they fats cannot clog up the arteries (Herrick 2012). Lovastatin is used in treating coronary heart diseases.It prevents both secondary and primary effects on the heart. The drug is used in managing cardiovascular risk in individuals with levels of plasma cholesterol that are normal. Lovastatin is also used in treating patients that have progressive renal diseases. Application of lovastatin has proved to slow renal function loss and in the prevention of cretonne clearance decline. Lovastatin is used in treating cancer. In the inhabitation of cell growth, the drug may be independent of Ras function. In the bone fraction treatment, it works by stimulating the formation of bones in vivo and invitro. When administered in long doses it leads to the healing of bone fractures. The drug is used in the inhibition of the nitric oxide (Riekes et al. 2017). Therefore, it is important for patients to use the drug only under the doctors prescription and the patient should stop using the drug incase the above side effect is experienced. Lovastatin as a therapy drug Lovastatin belongs to a therapy class. Lovastatin belongs to a class of therapy known as the statins. Statins are administered so as to reduce cholesterol that is found in the blood .This is done by blocking the enzyme that is required to make cholesterol. It is used in treating heart diseases by lowering the cholesterollevel. It is not an anti-inflammatory drug.It is a therapy drug, which is associated with asymptomatic and mild elevations. These elevations are brought by higher dosage of lovastatin (Liu et al. 2017). Just like most medical drugs, lovastatin has its own side effects, which are grouped into side effects that are common and side effects that are serious. The side effects that are common occur with the use of lovastatin areapain in the abdomen (stomach area), heartburn, nausea, headache, constipation, memory loss, confusion, insomnia, muscle pain and lack of energy in the body (Fye 2014). The serious side effects and their symptoms may include muscle problem where one experiences muscle pain, tenderness, and weakness. In addition, the drug leads to liver problems, which make one pass urine dark in color and yellowing skin, or eyes turn white.It also causes the problem of the central nervous system, which is characterized byalack of energy, weakness, and extreme tiredness. In addition, one may experience flu- like symptoms that are, body aches, fever, tiredness, cough, and hoarseness, also, bleeding problems may be experienced with symptoms like unusual bleeding and bruising (Joseph M ajd2012). Therefore, it is very important for patients using this drug to seek immediate medical attention if the above discussed side effects prolong. References List Joseph, L, Majd, A 2012, 'A brief review: history to understand fundamentals of electrocardiography', Journal Of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2012), viewed 30 March 2017. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/34c8a98d7c3e4a51a353c92ee7b31881 Fye, W. B. 2014. A history of the origin, evolution and impact of electrocardiography. The American Journal of Cardiology 73 (13):937-949. Herrick, J. B. 2012. Certain clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. Journal of the American Medical Association 27:100-116. La Due, J. S., and F. Wroblewski. 2013. The significance of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity following acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2:871-877. Leibowitz, J. O. 2010. The history of coronary heart disease. Berkeley: University of California Press Lewis, T.2014. Diseases of the heart. 4th ed. London: Macmillan. Means, J. H. 2012. The Association of American Physicians: Its first seventy-five years. New York: McGraw-Hill. Liu, P.C., Lu, G., Deng, Y., Wang, C.D., Su, X.W., Zhou, J.Y., Chan, T.M., Hu, X. and Poon, W.S., 2017. Inhibition of NF-B Pathway and Modulation of MAPK Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma and Implications for Lovastatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Combination Therapy.PloS one,12(1), p.e0171157. Riekes, M.K., Dereymaker, A., Berben, P., Augustijns, P., Stulzer, H.K. and Van den Mooter, G., 2017. Development of enteric-coated fixed dose combinations of amorphous solid dispersions of ezetimibe and lovastatin: Investigation of formulation and process parameters.International journal of pharmaceutics,520(1), pp.49-58. Langert, K.A., Goshu, B. and Stubbs, E.B., 2017. Attenuation of experimental autoimmune neuritis with locally administered lovastatin?encapsulating poly (lactic?co?glycolic) acid nanoparticles.Journal of Neurochemistry,140(2), pp.334-346.

Drug-Free Workplace free essay sample

The intent of the bill was to establish the foundation of a drug-free workplace in the areas that the federal government could affect outside the federal government; i. e. , the workplaces of federal grantees and contractors. The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 does not mention drug testing at all. However, many companies have made drug testing a requirement. The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 has 7 compliance requirements. (Miller, 1991) Mechanical MD is the name of the company that I do accounting for. Mechanical MD was started at the end of 2006. As of right now, there are no company polices in place because there are no employees, only the owner and myself. However, we would like to put a drug-free workplace policy into place. The first compliance requirement of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 states the following: to publish a statement notifying the employees that the unlawful manufactured distribution, dispensing, possession, or use of a controlled substance is prohibited in the workplace and specifying what actions will be taken against employees for violations of the prohibition (Miller, 1991). Our first statement of our new drug-free workplace policy states: Unlawful manufacture, possession use or distribution of illegal drugs while working at Mechanical MD is prohibited. Use of legal prescription drugs in excess or that do not have a prescription will be in violation of this policy in addition to use of alcohol or over the counter drugs in excess to the extent the employees health or safety are in jeopardy. Employees who violate the policy are subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination. (Sample Drug Free Workplace Policy, 2006). The second compliance requirement of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 states: establish a program to inform employees of the dangers of drug abuse in the workplace and the availability of drug counseling, rehabilitation, and employee assistance programs (Miller, 1991). Mechanical MDs company drug-free policy will state: Substance abuse in the work place affects everyone. When an employee drinks or uses drugs on the job, it not only hurts him/her, but also, threatens public safety; damages job performance; and results in costly expenses both to the company and the employee. Even if drug use is outside the workplace, it can affect job performance. Substance abusers are ten times more likely to miss work, more likely to be involved in on-the-job accidents and are less productive. And while they arent working or carrying their workload, someone else has to pick up the slack. (Sample Drug Free Workplace Policy, 2006). Mechanical MD will also state that the company reserves the right to sanction treatment of convicted persons who wish to continue their employment following a conviction. The third Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 compliance requirement states: Provide all employees working under the contract with a copy of the policy statement (Miller, 1991). Mechanical MD will provide a copy of the employee handbook to all employees. When an employee of Mechanical MD receives a copy of the employee handbook, he/she will sign a handbook release form stating that they have received a copy of the handbook. The fourth Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 compliance requirement states: notify employees in the policy statement that as a condition of continuing employment, the employee will abide by the statement and notify the employer within 5 days if he or she is convicted of any criminal drug offense occurring in the workplace (Miller, 1991). The Mechanical MD employee drug-free policy will state: Any employee found to be arrested must notify the company within 5 days of the conviction and indicate which law has been violated. (Sample Drug Free Workplace Policy, 2006). If the employee fails to tell the company about the conviction and the company finds out at a later date, the employee will be terminated immediately with no opportunity to receive drug or alcohol rehabilitation. The fifth compliance requirement of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 states: notify the contracting officer of an employee conviction within 10 days after the contractor learns of the conviction (Miller, 1991). Mechanical MD does not have a contracting officer; therefore, this compliance requirement does not apply. The sixth compliance requirement of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 states: within 30 days of receiving notice of the conviction, impose a sanction on the convicted employee up to and including termination or require the employee to satisfactorily complete an approved drug rehabilitation program (Miller, 1991). Mechanical MDs policy will state that if the company decides not to terminate the employee, the employee is required find a way to complete the required transportation to and from the required jobs without operating a motor vehicle. The employee of Mechanical MD will also be required to seek a form of drug or alcohol treatment and provide the company with proof of this treatment for at least 90 days. The seventh compliance requirement of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 states: make a good faith effort to continue to maintain a drug-free workplace by meeting the requirement of the Act (Miller, 1991). Even though the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 does not require drug testing as part of having a drug-free workplace, Mechanical MD will require drug-testing as a part of being hired for to work for the company. Mechanical MD will also state in the company drug-free policy that random drug testing will be done periodically to continue to provide a safe work environment for all employees. The Mechanical MD supervisors will also be required to attend training courses to identify and manage substance abuse issues in the workplace. Mechanical MD will provide the safest possible work environment for all of the companys employees. The company will also abide by all the compliance requirements according to the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988.