Effect Of Coffee On Alertness Essay - 1190 Words

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITREATURE This chapter presents the related literature and studies that the researchers found significant for the improvement of the research. This will also serve as a synthesis of all the gathered research for the greater understanding of the reader and the researchers as well. The discussion for this chapter will be divided into parts. The first part is about coffee and it aspects, like the coffee industry and coffee consumption. Following that part is the discussion of caffeine, the major component of coffee, which includes its positive and negative effects on health. The third part concerns alertness, which is the other focus of our research. After that comes the last part which discusses the link between the two and what are the effects of coffee on alertness. The discussion will answer some of our research question and is important for the success of this paper. Coffee as an Industry Around the world, one of the well-known beverages and the most consumed or exported product, after petroleum, is none other known as coffee. Coffee is developed in around over 80 nations and involves itself in worldwide business. Specifically, the universal coffee trade includes about 500 million people for management; beginning from cultivation until the final consumption. The coffee industry manufactures huge amounts of coffee-by-products which are considered as prosperous nutrient resources. Examples of these by-products are such that of coffee husks andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On Our Lives1214 Words   |  5 PagesDo you start your day with a fresh, steaming cup of coffee? Do you drink coffee to satisfy your addictive craze? Do you need caffeine to keep you awake? Well, roughly 80% of Americans do. In an average day 90% of Americans consume some type of caffeine. With so many people ingesting caffeine, do they know what it is? Are you conscious of your intake? Do you know how much you have per day? Did you know you could die from caffeine poisoning or overdose? You can! Do you need to consume caffeine dailyRead MoreCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreEssay on The Beneficial Effects of Caffeine1441 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess and help boost alertness when used in moderation because of the different types of research that supports caffeine stimulation. Caffeine comes in many different forms, and is an important in many people’s lives. In order to understand how caffeine has the potential to stimulate the memory, you must understand what caffeine is. Caffeine isn’t sugary or sweet like most substances that contain caffeine. Caffeine is actually a bitter substance, which has many effects on the body’s metabolismRead MoreThe World s Most Favorite Drink Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesclothing, dyes, paints, inks, papers, fertilizers, pesticides, lubricants and much more. One of the most used plant is Coffea Arabica, commonly known as coffee. Coffee is the world’s most favorite drink and the most important commercial crop plant. People drink coffee to relieve mental and physical fatigue and to increase mental alertness. Coffee is also used to prevent Parkinson s disease, gallstones, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Other uses include treatmentRead MoreThe Impact of Dr inking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof almost 2 cups of coffee), with as many as 30% of Americans consuming 500 mg or more per day. The most common sources of caffeine includes coffee beans, tea plants, kola nuts, mate leaves, guarana paste and yoco bark. To understand the unique role that caffeine plays, it is useful to gain perspective on its common sources which is unfermented beverages. Some of the beverages in the amount 5oz contains the following caffeine content. Brewed coffee (90 to125 mg), Instant coffee (35 to164mg), DecaffeinatedRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter? Chocolate can improve your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration . Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine are related and haveRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 Pagescaffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. When it reaches your brain, the most noticeable effect is alertness. You’ll feel more awake and less tired, so it’sRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pagesprescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your health, as well as addictive. America should be aware of the causes and effects caffeine has on the human body, which can lead to addiction and bad side effects. Coffee and tea have been used by humans for many years. Those beverages are the primary source of human’s caffeine intake. Coffee and tea go back to the earliest human history. A Greek poet Homer, who livedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Caffeine992 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of caffeine on accuracy in a sports related task Introduction The use of caffeine is worldwide, contained in a range of foods, beverages and medicines with it being one of the most frequently consumed ingredients worldwide (Heckman, Weil, Mejia, Gonzalez, 2010). Extensive research has been conducted into caffeine and its effects on our cognitive functioning and development, with many studies concluding that due to its beneficial effects surrounding enhanced performance and awarenessRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On People s Lives927 Words   |  4 Pageshuge part of North American culture, it is consumed in coffee, teas, chocolate, energy drinks and many other goods. Coffee is the main source of caffeine, and is frequently consumed socially. Because people rely on this substance so heavily, its side effects are often speculated. People who tend to consume large amounts of caffeine notice shakiness, nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate (Whiteman.) However, the positive effects are much greater, and some include decreased risk for oral

Dunkin Donuts Free Essays

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aspects of Ramone becoming a franchisee of Dunkin’ Donuts. The writer will talk about any critical issues that Ramone will face during this process. In addition, the writer will discuss any information that Ramone should be privy to prior to becoming a franchisee. We will write a custom essay sample on Dunkin Donuts or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author will also deliberate about what marketing mix the future franchisee should look for with his business and what marketing information he should seek. Lastly, the writer will give his/her recommendations on what actions should be taken to rectify any critical issues that were identified. Introduction Dunkin’ Donuts was the creation of Bill Rosenberg, who opened the first store in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1950. The slogan, â€Å"America Runs on Dunkin† has become a household phrase. Dunkin’ Donuts is considered the world’s largest coffee and baked goods chains, surpassing the Starbucks and Krispy Kreme chains. They serve more than 52 different varieties of donuts, over a dozen types of coffees, and an assortment of other baked goods (www. dunkindonuts. com). It is a wonder that more people are not jumping at the opportunity to become a part of this great brand. Ramone has come to realize what a great opportunity this would be and is ready to start the franchising process. Ramone has been interested in franchising for some time now. He was never quite sure what type of business he would end up choosing. He only knew one thing for sure; it would be in the food service industry. The aspiring Dunkin’ Donuts franchisee, has realized the potential that this chain holds. He meets all of their qualifications, which are a net worth of $1, 500,000, cash liquidity of $750,000, and prior business experience (http://www. entrepreneur. com/franchises/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html). He has decided that he wants to become a Dunkin’ Donuts franchisee, but has some uncertainties. Critical Issues One critical issue that caused Ramone to be apprehensive was the marketing aspect of franchising. â€Å"Marketing involves everything that it takes to get a product or service into the buyer’s hands† (Judd Justice, 2008). The Dunkin Donuts franchisee is eligible for marketing support in the form of regional advertising (http://www. entrepreneur. com/franchises/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html). Ramone is unsure what is marketing strategy will consist of; that is, what customers he should market to and what will fulfill their needs. Another issue that Ramone is struggling with was where he should place his new Dunkin Donuts franchise. This is an important factor in determining his success or failure as a new franchisee. It falls under the marketing mix, which include product, price, promotion, and place (Judd Justice, 2008). Product aspect would include the brand, quality, and packaging. The price aspect would include financing, product pricing, and possible discounts for the product. Promotion includes the budget, any advertising of the franchise and/or product, and possible media coverage. The last piece of the marketing mix, place, would include the location, target market, and the channels used to get the product to the customer. This formula is something that must be understood completely in order for Ramone to use it to his advantage when beginning the franchise process. Dunkin’ Donuts must approve the location that the franchisee has selected. There are also some ideal guidelines that the corporate offices have set in order to ensure the optimal success. The land should be anywhere from ? to 2 acres in size. The building itself should be 1,200 to 2,600 square feet. The location should be easily visible to potential customers and have ample parking available. These are just a few of the many suggestions that are given to franchisees on the Dunkin’ Donuts franchising website. Ramone is also concerned about product development and how often something new is added to the mix. He is excited at the prospect of being able to use some of his creative energy to possibly create the â€Å"next big thing†. Typically, this type of issue is covered in the franchisor/franchisee contract or can be addressed during the 6-week training program. This is definitely something that Ramone needs to look into since he is feels so strongly about it. Information Needed Prior to Becoming a DD Franchisee Franchising can be a risky business. Dunkin’ Donuts is a nationally known brand, but even with that going for them there could still be problems. There is not a 100% guarantee that the business will succeed. The franchisee may go into the endeavor believing that there is an assurance of a huge profit and that may not always be the case. Ramone needs to be aware of the benefits and the drawbacks of becoming a franchisee for Dunkin’ Donuts. He would also need to make sure he understood the aspects of the franchisor contract, which sometimes includes hidden fees and guidelines that would be the responsibility of the franchisee. The contracts have strict clauses that would alarm even the savviest of lawyers. According to an article written on the New York Daily News website, Dunkin’ Donuts has made it common practice to sue franchisees over the minutest things (http://www. nydailynews. com/ny_local/brooklyn/2008/04/29/2008-04-29_dunkin_donuts_business_practices_have_lo-1. html). Marketing Information Marketing is essential to the start-up of any new business. It is how you represent the business so that customers will use your service or buy your product. Ramone is not that knowledgeable when it comes to who his target market is, what location he should choose for his Dunkin’ Donuts franchise, or the aspects of the marketing process in general. There is significant information that Ramone should find prior to starting the franchising process. First, Ramone should research markets to see exactly who his target market would be. Would it be 18-25 year olds? Would it be 50-65 year olds? This information is critical in planning. If the majority of his market is older, then he could offer senior discounts on certain days? If it was the younger generation, then he could have live music on Fridays. The information could provide a wealth of opportunities for him and ensure success if approved by headquarters. Dunkin’ Donuts offers some information that will assist Ramone in the early phase. He would have access to market research, brand management, regional and national advertising, and professional support as needed (https://www. dunkinfranchising. om/aboutus/franchise/franchise-profile-demo. html). The Marketing Mix The marketing mix consists of product, place, promotion and price. These 4 aspects of marketing are essential for getting a franchise off the ground and off to a good start. Ramone will need to focus on the quality of the product (s) he will be selling. The Dunkin’ Donuts chain pride is known for providing high quality products and excellent c ustomer service at a convenient and clean atmosphere (Judd Justice, 2008). The customer experience is very important to any business, but it is a trademark at Dunkin’ Donuts. Ramone will have access to construction managers, training consultants, and wide array of other tools (https://www. dunkinfranchising. com/aboutus/franchise/franchise-profile-demo. html). The location that he chooses for his franchise has to be approved by Dunkin’ professionals who are familiar with what works and what does not. Brand recognition is not an issue because Dunlin’ Donuts is a household name and that works in Ramone’s favor. In addition to the basic marketing strategies used by Dunkin’ Donuts, Ramone could make additions that would capture the attention of his target market. Blogs, free Wi-Fi, live music on the weekends, contests, special discounts, and loyalty programs are just a few ideas that would work for the franchise. Recommendations One issue that Ramone faced was his lack of knowledge in the marketing field. He had prior business experience, but that did not included marketing. One of the aspects of the Dunkin’ Donuts franchising process is to attend a mandatory, 6- week training course at Dunkin’ Donuts University. The training program includes information about product methods, accounting, budgeting, and employee motivation (Judd Justice, 2008). The writer recommends that a crash course in marketing be given as well. Dunkin’ Donuts provides assistance with this through access to marketing professionals, but it would definitely benefit franchisees to have a little background in it. Many franchisors offer extensive training for all levels of employees in the franchise (Justis Chan, 1991). Another critical issue that Ramone is having is where to start construction on his franchise. The ‘place’ aspect of the marketing mix includes both physical location and how the product is distributed, which makes it the most challenging component to modify (Schneider Bradish, 2006). Location is an integral part of a successful business. If a business is far out customers may never make it out. The writer’s recommendation is for Ramone to utilize the professional assistance offered once becoming a franchisee. It is important to the success of the franchise to have the franchisee involved in every level of the franchise operation and that includes selection of location (Stites, 2008). Product development and the ever-evolving customer experience are also very high on Ramone’s list of issues. He wants to make sure that his venture is successful and will continue to be for many years to come. One very big reason for Dunkin’ Donuts’ success is its ability to change its campaigns as deemed necessary by the world around it a specific moment in time (Renfrow, 2010). It is the writer’s recommendation for Ramone to seek out the advice of the many professionals that he would have access to as a franchisee. Their advice will be invaluable and could help him or at least lead him in the right path. Conclusion Ramone is a young businessman that has decided to start the franchising process with Dunkin’ Donuts. He has a few issues that make him leery to begin the process. However, those issues should be no problem to address with the extensive, 6-week training provided by Dunkin’ Donuts University. Ramone is excited about the limited possibilities that going into this new endeavor could bring for him. He has already started thinking about new products and promotions that would draw new customers in and keep the old customers coming back. The writer has recommended that Ramone utilize all the great tools provided by Dunkin’ Donuts to its franchisees. They offer a wealth of information that stems around making sure the franchisee is successful. How to cite Dunkin Donuts, Papers

Pearl Harbor and the Truth Essay Example For Students

Pearl Harbor and the Truth Essay The Day of Deceit or the Day of Infamy, or both? The surprise bombing of Pearl Harbor was the entire reason for the United States entrance into World War II. Many elements play into this event. For instance, the Japanese chose this site for several reasons. In addition, there are various theories that Franklin Delano Roosevelt was made aware of this attack, yet allowed it to occur. Known as The Day of Infamy , the bombing is taught in our history classes for an infinity of years to come. How did we react at the time? What did Washington do to prevent this? Why Pearl Harbor anyway? The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a desperate FDRs backdoor into the Second World War. December 7, 1941 dawned bright, clear and beautiful over Pearl Harbor. In fact, according to Deborah Bacharachs book, Pearl Harbor, Fleet Chaplain William A. Maguire noted approvingly from abroad the Arizona that this day was a day for the tourists (Bachrach 8). However, two hundred and thirty miles to the northwest of Pearl Harbor activity of a different nature was taking place. Japanese pilots had already donned their warrior ceremonial dress, with their fresh loincloths, good luck belly bands and freshly pressed red shirts to show a warriors disdain for blood. They had eaten their ceremonial meals. They were ready for attack (Prange 21). According to William Shapiros book, at about the same time, off the coast of the Hawaiian Islands, abroad the destroyer U.S.S. Ward, Lieutenant William W. Outerbridge noticed a mysterious object in the water. He ordered his crew to fire at it. The ships guns sank a midget Japanese submarine lurking in the water. Outerbridge sent a report of his sighting the fleet. There was a delay in decoding Outerbridges message. When John E. Earle, the fleets commanders chief in staff, finally received it at 7:12 a.m., he dismissed it as a false alarm. Therefore, one warning was ignored (58). Sometime after 7:53 a.m. , reports Shapiro, U.S. radar crews in Hawaii picked up blips on their radar screens showing approaching aircraft. They were assumed signals from a group of Flying Fortresses expected to be making previous stopovers. In which case, another signal was ignored (59). At 7:53 a. m., Japanese flight attack Commander Mitusuo Fuchida approached his target. He knew he was in a precarious position because his air fleet was dangerously far from its carriers. He expected t find American planes waiting to fight back. Instead, he found nothing except the sunshine. It seemed to him as if the Americans were welcoming him to their country, leaving themselves open to civilian destruction (Bachrach 8) Tora, tora, tora, Fuchida radioed back excitedly to his commander, Chuichi Nagumo, waiting with the fleet. Torawas the code meaning that the Japanese had succeeded in launching a surprise attack. Two minutes after this signal Japanese bombs began falling like hail on the ninety-six helpless hips in Pearl harbors Battleship Row. The attack was such a complete surprise that it took American forces a few moments to realize what was going on. Finally Commander Logan Famsey, a naval patrol plane operations officer, sounded the alarm. Air raid pearl harbor! This is no drill! (Bachrach 11). Bombs exploded everywhere. Screams of the wounded and the scared filled the air. Five torpedoes struck the Oklahoma. Eight minutes later the ship was bottom up in the mud at the harbor. Only thirty-two of the on-hundred-twenty-five men trapped within the ship finally were cut free thirty-six hours later. Again at 8:40 the second wave of Japanese planes approached Pearl Harbor. By then the first shock of the attack had passed. American forces did what they could to defend the fleet. (13) Soon it was all over. All but a small number of Japanese planes had made it back to their carrier fleet. .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .postImageUrl , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:hover , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:visited , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:active { border:0!important; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:active , .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36df8067ce26c559f129a885db00956b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important? Essay Naguam, his ships and his victorious pilots headed back to the Pacific Ocean, preparing to launch a similar attack against the Philippine islands and their famous commander, Douglas MacArthur. During their course, the Japanese left the smoldering ruins of the once proud American Pacific Fleet (15). For a year and a half the debate that raged the length was over going to war or .

Rembrandt Essays (417 words) - Rembrandt, Arts, Visual Arts

Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a baroque artist, who ranks as one of the greatest painters in the history of Western art. He understood the human nature very well, and with his outstanding ability, made him a painter that is very famous. Not only was Rembrandt a superb painter but he was also very good in drawing and etching. It is said that no painter has ever equaled Rembrandt's ability to use a different variety of shading and color contrast. He was born in Leiden, a city in the west Netherlands, on July 15, 1606. Rembrandt's parents thought it was very important for Rembrandt to get a good education. He began his studies at the Latin School, and at the age of 14 he was enrolled at the Leiden University. The program did not interest him, and he soon left to study art. His first apprentice was a local master, Jacob van Swanenburch. Then he moved on in Amsterdam, with Pieter Lastman, known for his historical paintings. After six months, having mastered everything he had been taught, Rembrandt returned to Leiden. In Leiden, Rembrandt was well respected even though he was barely 22 years old. So he started teaching people to paint to make a living. Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam in 1631. He married in 1634 to Saskia van Uylenburgh. She cousin of a successful art dealer and this enhanced his career by bringing him in contact with wealthy patrons who eagerly commissioned portraits. Rembrandt's mythological and religious works were much in demand. Because of he was well known as a teacher, his studio was filled with pupils, some of whom were already trained artists. In contrast to his successful public career, Rembrandt's family life was was just the opposite. Between 1635 and 1641 Saskia gave birth to four children. Only the last, Titus, survived. She died in 1642 which upset Rembrandt because he loved her very much. Hendrickje Stoffels, became his housekeeper in 1649, and eventually became his common-law wife. She modeled for many of his pictures. Despite Rembrandt's financial success as an artist, teacher, and art dealer, his love for the life of luxurious living, forced him to file for bankruptcy in 1656. Much of his works were auctioned off to pay his debts which was very saddening to him. In this auction he also sold his house. These problems in no way affected Rembrandt's work, if anything, it motivated him. His personal life, however, continued to be disturbed. His beloved Hendrickje died in 1663, and his son, Titus, in 1668. Eleven months later, on October 4, 1669, Rembrandt died in Amsterdam. Biographies

15 Flexible Careers That Pay Well

15 Flexible Careers That Pay Well Have the kind of complicated life that would really benefit (or even require) the ability to telecommute? More and more job seekers are looking for this kind of flexibility. And more and more fields are building that kind of work into their job descriptions. It cuts back on office time-frittering, makes for loyal and grateful employees, and cuts commute time considerably! Here are 15 of the best, highest-paying, and most flexible jobs out there, with the average annual salary of each- based on compensation, bonuses, perks, and profit-sharing, tips, and average commissions. Most of these salaries are reflective of a few years’ experience, so you might have to consider starting at a slightly lower rate if you’re just entering the profession.1. Clinical Research AssociateIf you can work your way up to a senior level, you could make nearly $95k per year. About 78% of workers telecommute.2. Sales EngineerSenior sales engineers make roughly $108k per year, with 64% telecommut ing.3. Service Delivery ManagerThis gig offers an average salary of $83k, with 64% telecommuting.4. Security ConsultantWhen you reach a senior level, you can earn  about $100k per year. About  64% of workers telecommute.5. Solutions ArchitectAbout 64% of solutions architects telecommute and earn up to $114k in annual compensation.6. Territory ManagerAbout 62% telecommute, earning and almost $66k per year.7. Professional Service ConsultantSenior-level service consultants earn nearly $96k per year, with  61% telecommuting.8. Software ConsultantSoftware consultants earn about $79k per year, with 58% telecommuting.9. Implementation ConsultantImplementation consultants can earn around $74k per year, with 58% telecommuting.10. Regional Sales ManagerAbout 56% of regional sales managers telecommute, earning an average salary of  $81k per year.11. Technical Sales EngineerAbout 56% telecommute, and earn  about $79k per year.12. Marketing ConsultantAbout 52% telecommute, and earn abo ut $67k per year.13. Instructional Designer (Training and Development)Median pay for a senior-level designer is $71k per year, with 52% telecommuting.14. SAP ConsultantSenior-level consultants can earn almost $99k a year, with 51% telecommuting.15. IT Program ManagerSenior-level IT managers can earn a whopping $126k per year, with 51% telecommuting.

Lexicalization Definition and Examples

Lexicalization Definition and Examples ...Lexicalization is the process of making a word to express a concept. Verb: lexicalize. Here are some examples and observations from experts and other writers: Examples and Observations The OED (1989) defines lexicalize (1) as to accept into the lexicon, or vocabulary, of a language, and lexicalization as the action or process of lexicalizing. In this sense simple and complex words, native as well as loanwords can be lexicalized. Thus, Lyons (1968:352) says that the relationship of the transitive (and causative) concept of to cause someone to die is expressed by a separate word, to kill (someone). Quirk et al. (1985:1525f.) restrict lexicalization to words formed by word-formation processes, explaining it as the process of creating a new word (a complex lexical item) for a (new) thing or notion instead of describing this thing or notion in a sentence or with a paraphrase. The use of words is more economical because they are shorter than the corresponding (underlying) sentences or paraphrases, and because they can be more easily used as elements of sentences. Thus one does not say someone who writes a book [...] for someone else, who then often pretends it is their o wn work, one says ghostwriter instead . . ..(Hans Sauer, Lexicalization and Demotivation. Morphology: An International Handbook on Inflection and Word-Formation, ed. by Christian Lehmann, G. E. Booij, Joachim Mugdan, and Wolfgang Kesselheim. Walter de Gruyter, 2004) Lexicalization and Idioms Despite a certain lack of consensus about the meaning of idiom, the identification of lexicalization with idiomatization is widespread . . .. Indeed, according to Lehmann (2002:14) idiomatization IS lexicalization in the sense of coming to belong to an inventory, and Moreno Cabrera (1998:214) points to idioms as the best examples of lexicalization. Lipka (1992:97) cites examples such as wheelchair, pushchair, and trousersuit, which have specific and unpredictable meanings. Bussmann [1996] considers idiomatization to be the diachronic element of lexicalization, which occurs when the original meaning can no longer be deduced from its individual elements or the original motivation of [a] unit can only be reconstructed through historical knowledge, as in the case of neighbor, cupboard, or mincemeat...Bauer identifies a subtype of lexicalization which he calls semantic lexicalization (1983:55-59), instancing compounds such as blackmail, mincemeat, townhouse, and butterfly or derivatives s uch as unquiet, gospel, and inspector which lack semantic compositionality (because semantic information has been either added or subtracted). Antilla (1989 [1972]:151) adduces examples such as sweetmeat, nutmeat, Holy Ghost spirit, widows weeds clothes, and fishwife, which are morphologically transparent but semantically opaque as instances of lexicalization. (Laurel J. Brinton and Elizabeth Closs Traugott, Lexicalization And Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 2005) It is important to note, however, that idiomatization is only one aspect of lexicalization, which is why the two terms should not be used interchangeably (as is sometimes the case). Rather lexicalization has to be regarded as the cover term for a range of phenomena, semantic and non-semantic. Bauer (1983: 49) also emphasizes that opacity is not a necessary pre-requisite for lexicalization since [s]ome lexicalized forms [...] may remain perfectly transparent, e.g. warmthwhich must be considered lexicalized because the suffix -th cannot be added synchronically to an adjective to provide a noun.(Peter Hohenhaus, Lexicalization and Institutionalization. Handbook of Word-Formation, ed. by Pavol Ã…  tekauer and Rochelle Lieber. Springer, 2005) Pronunciation: lek-si-ke-le-ZAY-shun Alternate Spellings: lexicalisation

Auditing and Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing and Assurance - Essay Example The omission is considered as immaterial if it does not affect the decisions of the users of financial statements. If the discrepancies in the information provided by the financial statements are material, the auditor needs to check and cross-check the effects of the misstatement on the financial statements as a whole. For instance, a misstatement in the inventory is required to be evaluated through an evaluation of combined effect of its relevant and linked accounts. The materiality of this misstatement, hence, would consider the accumulated impact on inventory, total current assets, total working capital, total assets, income taxes, income taxes payable, total current liabilities, cost of goods sold, net income before taxes and net income after taxes (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, Audit Reports, 2012). The relationship of materiality and opinion is tied with a lengthy process of auditing the financial statements. This relationship, hence, influences the way an auditor works by deciding on the extent and scope of auditing. Materiality determines if the auditor needs more time to be spent on certain areas of financial statements. Moreover, it also decides the nature of the report and the type of opinion. A material misstatement, for instance, results in a qualified, disclaimer or an adverse report if it affects the decisions of the users. Auditors are responsible to discover and report direct-effect illegal acts in the same manner as errors and frauds. On the other hand, there are limitations to detect and report indirect-effect illegal acts. The direct-effect illegal acts are detectable as, usually, they have a financial impact in terms of, for example, tax calculations etc.; whereas, indirect-effect illegal acts are not easily determinable as they are more related to the company’s work procedures, environment and conduct. The three levels of

Mixed Analysis -Environmental Impact of Aviation (Noise Pollution) Assignment

Mixed Analysis -Environmental Impact of Aviation (Noise Pollution) - Assignment Example In the opinion scaled used, zero will denote no annoyance or no health effects while ten will show completely annoyed or adverse health effect (Heise, 2010). Perceptions on effects of the noise on quality of life and attitude towards the noise will however be described from open-ended questions. 9. Procedure: Stratified random sampling will be used to sample participants. Residence and work location will be the bases for stratification. A sample of 115 participants, with at least 30 percent of participants from each stratum, will be used for the quantitative aspect. Twenty-three of the participants, 16 people living in the affected areas, and 7 people working in the affected areas will then be selected from the sample, for the qualitative aspects of the study. Questionnaires will be used to collect data on closed-ended questions while focus groups will be used to collect data on open-ended questions. The strata will form two focus groups. Rigor: Reliance on participants’ experiences and informed consent will ensure credibility and dependability of results and conclusion of the study. Incorporated quantitative approach and large sample size will induce reliability and validity to inform transferability of the results. 10. Data analysis: The researcher will use participants’ perspective to develop meaning from collected qualitative data and researcher’s rationale and background knowledge on the subject will help to bridge gaps within a participant’s responses. Regression analysis will however evaluate the quantitative aspects of the study 11. Consent: The study will target communities that are exposed to aircraft noise by virtue of living or working near the source of the noise. Each respondent will be informed of the scope of the study. Respondents’ consent will then be sought, in writing, by asking them if they can participate in the study. Obtaining informed

Technical Writing Fundamentals Essay Example for Free

Technical Writing Fundamentals Essay User manuals are reference documents designed for use with individual pieces of equipment. The most common being phones, power tools, and electronics. (Dorbin, Keller Weisser, 2010). In this essay there will be critiquing on the user manual for the iPad version iOS 6.1 Software. This manual was chosen because it is associated with newest iPads. The criteria that will be used are; Audience Recognition, Development, Conciseness, Consistency, Ease of Use and Document Design. (Gerson Gerson, 2012). Audience Recognition: Pro: Based off of the many millions of users all over the world, Apple has done a great job at showing visuals and understanding for the many different types of readers. A great example is page 48, paragraph after the picture, they explain to start a conversation you must first tap then tap . This is a great way to show that they understand that a reader can visually see these icons and knows where to go next. Con: One thing that they could have used is an icon Key. On page 12 they have a key for status on the top bar of the phone but not an all icon key. Development: Pro: Apple provides a developed set of steps to complete the tasks. A great example would be page 49, when sending a picture message it shows you step-by-step directions as well as pictures of the icons to follow to send a picture/video. The steps are simple and precise. On top of page 12 Apple has a Warning label. They encourage you to read it by emphasizing there is a warning to avoid injury, and it links to their Appendix C page for Safety. It provides hazards, technical descriptions, accessories and the tools needed. (Gerson Gerson, 2012) Con: Even though apple provides several different types of warranties that you can purchase for your apple product, Apple should still have a generic warranty if not reference you to an apple store for warranty information. Conciseness: Pro: Each paragraph is to the point and there is very firm direction in explaining a situation or task. Page 32, pairing your Bluetooth for example. This is for some reason a difficult procedure for some people yet apple found a very short and simple way to explain this. Con: There are Apple terms and keys that a new user might not understand. Page 13 tells the readers they need an Apple ID for some features yet there is no description or information on how to obtain one. Consistency: Pro: The beginning of this manual is very consistent as for visuals, labeling and numbering. The terms are all like and you can completely understand the direction they are trying to lead you. Con: The first half of the manual is very consistent. Apple added one picture per page through the manual; yet every page from 96 to the end, was only words. The pictures, blue arrows and words stopped. They did not show consistency. Ease of Use: Pro: When reading this manual it allows for easy maneuvering. Great example is their table of contents. Say you have a problem with your Siri or would like to know more about it. Once you notice that it is on page 35, you do not need to scroll down, you simply click on the link and it takes you there. They clearly label their headings in a larger font and/or make them blue to differentiate. Con: A FAQ page would come in handy with this product. Many people have similar questions. If Apple were to insert questions frequently asked and direct them to the section that they need to go to it might help readers who were purchasing their product for the first time and had trouble with the terminology they use. An example would be home button. Any one who has an iPhone or iPad know that it is the square located in the bottom middle of the screen. A new user might not know what is being referenced. Document Design: Pro: A very good use of visuals would be page 11, SIM card tray. The visual demonstrates with blue arrows how to remove the tray from your devise with the SIM key and how to dislodge it from its holding and then how to replace. The visuals are self-explanatory and clear to the point. Con: There is so much information and technology going on with the iPad that the manual seems to go on forever. There is an abundance of writing and a lot to try and take in. This manual works if you use the table of contents to skim to what you need but to over look and to become familiar with this product, it is very intimidating to look at. Overall this user manual has amazing usability. It meets all of the criteria that is discussed in Technical Communication. Process and Product, Seventh Edition, Chapter Thirteen. References: Dobrin, S. I., Keller, C. J., Weisser, C. R. (2010). Technical communication in the twenty-first century (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Gerson, S.J., Gerson, S.M. (2012). Technical Communication. Process and Product. (7th Ed.). Pearson Education Link to Manual: http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/ipad_user_guide.pdf

The prison situation in the United States is a growing problem Essay

Why do we choose to break the law? It’s socially accepted, most people break the law in a minor way, perhaps by speeding or J-walking. Unfortunately some people go to far and end up in prison. At that point society is divided, where is the line that separates us? What affects the outcome of what side of that line you are standing on? Education? Environment? Genetics? What would cause one subject to end up in prison while the other raises a family? Some researchers have concluded that it is in your genetic makeup. From the beginning of your life it’s already decided if you will be a law respecting citizen. Though you can’t deny the importance of the environment you were raised in. A majority of people currently imprisoned is there largely because of social situations they experienced as a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prison situation in the United States is a growing problem. â€Å"Within five years (1986-1991) the prison percentage increased 58 percent† (Bureau of Justice statistics). Not only has the prison population increased but also the criminals now have a higher percentage of violent offences. Between 1995-2001 property, drug and public order crimes all dropped in the percentage of sentenced state inmates. Though at the same time general prison population rose slightly due to an increase in violent offenders. With this increase in the number of violent inmates it’s inevitable that the amount of violence within prison will increase. The presence of increased vio...

Radiology Essay

Everyone wants to be successful in life. The easiest way to do so is to set goals for yourself just for a day or for the rest of your life. Having goals makes you have a clear focus and helps you organize your plans to achieving the goals you have set for yourself. My parents always remind me how it’s difficult to be successful in the world if you have no college education. They encourage me to strive for what I want so I won’t have to suffer like they did. Another major role model in my life is my older sister. She is a surgical technician in the navy. Although she is always busy studying, working out, and doing her daily duties she calls me to keeps me on track and gives me advice. They keep me motivated to completing my goal of becoming a Radiologist. To accomplish my goal of majoring as a Radiologist I will complete my pre-requisites, stay focused in college, and stay organized. The first step to becoming a Radiologist is to complete my pre-requisites. To begin my p re-requisites I am taking 13.20 units at CCC this semester. These units include Math, Writing, Health, and Computer technology courses. I will meet up with a counselor to make an educational plan so I can know what classes I need be taking for the fall semester. I know this won’t be a next day achievement on getting my pre-requisites over with but I’m trying to have them done by a year and a half. Then I will be able to sign up either at Lake Merritt College or Kaiser so I can take on their Radiology program. Hoping I get accepted it will take me around two years on getting my degree. The next step to becoming a Radiologist I will stay focused in college. I will start by getting out of my old habits like staying off my phone during class. This will keep me from wondering off and actually paying attention to what the instructor is teaching the class. In addition, I won’t be bothered by my friends and will finish all my work that is due at end of the class. I also need to start falling asleep earlier so that my mind and body can be rested. Therefore, while in class I can stay awake and focused so I won’t have wonder why I failed the class. Being that the result was me falling asleep. Finally, the last step to becoming a Radiologist is to stay organized. By getting a planner I can stay organized  with important test dates and when my homework is due. It comes in handy so I will always know what todays homework was and won’t have to remember or call up friends so they can tell me what it was. Another good reason to have a planner is so I won’t have go through stress and headaches doing last minute work because it was due today and I forgot. Keeping separate binders for all my classes will be a big help so I can keep my papers located to the certain class they are for. I won’t have to dig through one binder trying to find a paper during class. While I can just open of the specific binder and bam there goes the paper I was looking for no struggles or mess. If I complete my pre-requisites, stay focused in college and staying organized, I will be able to reach my goal in majoring as a Radiologist that I want to achieve in life. I know everyone has different goals but mine is important to me so I can make my family proud first of all. Secondly, so I will live a happy future and look back and see I accomplished my set goals and be proud of myself. Everyone says never give up and in time your hard work will pay off.

Seperating Metal Cations Using Paper Chromatography

Lab #3 Separating Metal Cations by Paper Chromatography Introduction/Purpose: In chemistry, it is important to effectively analyze the components in a given mixture. In order to do so, chemists will analyze a mixture either qualitatively or quantitatively using different methods and equipment. Qualitative analyses are subjective, and only gather â€Å"non-numerical† data such as the color, appearance, and smell of the components. This data is intended to obtain physical information on the components present.While quantitative analyses are objective, and use â€Å"numerical† data to gather the quantity of the components present. Quantitative data can be given in terms of height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, etc. Each method of data analyses provides chemists with specific types of information that can be used to draw conclusions about the experiments they have performed. This lab utilized both quantitative and qualitative data by using the Paper Chroma tography method for determining the metal cations present in an unknown sample.This was performed by using reagents that reacted with the metal cations deposited on the paper. The retention factor of each known cation was calculated in order to determine which metal cations were present in two unknown samples. Objective: Effectively use Paper Chromatography to analyze quantitative and qualitative data of different metal cations, in an effort to correctly identify two unknown samples of metal cations, by comparing them against a chromatogram with known component reactions.This lab also aids in better understanding the importance of developing a chemist’s observation and data recording methods, as some of the reactions are faint, or may degrade over a short period. Material & Equipment: 1) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2) 600 ml beaker 3) Plastic wrap 4) Rubber band 5) (3) Paper filters 6) (2) 11 x 14 cm pieces of chromatographic paper 7) Pencil 8) Metric ruler 9) Capilla ry tube 10) Paper towels 11) 10 ml of 6M HCL 12) 35 ml of Acetone ((CH3)2CO) 13) Metal cations- Iron(III), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) 14) Two unknown sample cations 5) Reagents: Potassium ferrocyanide, Potassium thiocynate in acetone, Dimethyl glyoxime in ethanol 16) 50 ml beaker with 25 ml of ammonium hydroxide 17) Fume hood Procedure/Methods: 1) *See the attached pre-lab outline for the procedure/order of operations used in completing this lab experiment* 2) *The procedure was altered at step #9 with direction from the lab instructor. Chromatogram #2 was not spotted with the four known metal cations. * Three pieces of filter paper were used to practice spotting with the four known metal cations.The filter paper was folded into four separate sections and a small sample of the known metal cation was spotted onto a marked point. This process was repeated for each piece of filter paper. Filter sample #1 was spotted using potassium ferrocyanide; filter sample #2 was spotted using potassium thiocynate in acetone; and filter sample #3 was spotted using dimethyl glyoxime in ethanol. Using three separate samples allowed the group to analyze the qualitative results (color change) of the interactions with each of the four metal cations.This provided preliminary data that was used to hypothesize which compound would be best to spot the known metal cations on chromatogram #1. After reviewing both the interaction results, and the retention values (RF), we then determined which reagent provided the most identifiable interaction with each of the metal cations. Equation 1. [pic] Data: *See attached Data Sheets* Results: The lab instructor reported the results of the correct unknown metal cations as follows: 1) Unknown #1 = Copper ) Unknown #2 = Iron and Nickel As shown on Data Sheet #2, our lab group concluded that the unknown metal cations were as follows: 1) Unknown #1 = Cobalt 2) Unknown #2 = Iron Qualitative Data (Chromatogram #1): The first observations made of chromatogram #1 were those of the physical changes in the color of the metal cations after they were exposed to the developing solvent. The colors observed for the metal cations were as shown by the corresponding bar graph in Figure 1 below.Copper = Light Brown, Nickel = Pink, Iron = Blue, and Cobalt = Green Quantitative Data (Chromatogram #1): After the qualitative observations were analyzed and recorded, the spotted sections of each metal cation were marked with a pencil at the highest migration distance of the substance. This measurement was then used in calculating the Rf value of each metal cation, using Equation 1 above, and represented in Figure 1 below. Copper = . 7, Nickel = . 1, Iron = 1, and Cobalt = . 5 Figure 1. [pic] Qualitative Data (Chromatogram #2):The first observations made of chromatogram #2 were those of the physical changes in the color of the metal cations after they were exposed to the developing solvent. The colors observed for the metal cations were as shown by the corresponding bar graph in Figure 2 below. Unknown #1 = Green, and Unknown #2 = Blue Quantitative Data (Chromatogram #1): After the qualitative observations were analyzed and recorded, the spotted sections of each metal cation were marked with a pencil at the highest migration distance of the unknown substance.This measurement was then used in calculating the Rf value of the unknown metal cations, using Equation 1 above, and represented in Figure 2 below. Unknown #1 = . 41 and Unknown #2 = . 91 Figure 2. [pic] Conclusion: The qualitative and quantitative data of the known metal cations from chromatogram #1 were used to determine the metal cations that composed Unknown sample #1 and #2, in chromatogram #2. Unknown #1 was developed using KSCN/acetone, and Unknown #2 was developed using K4Fe(CN)6. However, it is unknown why we chose to use that reagent as opposed to the other two available.It is also clear that a deviation from the procedure caused us to erroneously streak our chromatogram unknowns with only one reagent. Failing to spot and streak chromatogram #2 with all reagents prohibited our ability to analyze the sample after exposure to all reactions. As shown from the results of the filter paper samples, we were able to see qualitative changes on Fe, Cu, and Co with the use of potassium ferrocyanide, Fe, Cu, and Co with the use of potassium thiocynate in acetone, and Fe, Co, and Ni with the use of dimethyl glyoxime in ethanol.Although the colors in each reaction were different with each of the reagents used on the filter paper samples, the use of each reagent would have provided us with a number of visual changes to identify. Those observations would have been marked, and prompted more calculations of the Rf values associated with each reaction, allowing for a more thorough evaluation and determination of the unknown metal cations present.Although we were able to accurately detect the presence of Fe in unknown sample #2, it is evident that if the chromatogram had been exposed to the dimethyl glyoxime in ethanol, we would have detected the Ni as well. The exposure of the filter sample containing the Ni, to dimethyl glyoxime in ethanol, yielded the only visual reaction, out of all three reagents tested. This labs results further solidify the need to conduct the procedure as thoroughly as possible, and if there are feelings of inadequacy, we perform the procedures that we feel will enable us to procure the most accurate results.

Core Competencies Essays

Core Competencies Essays Core Competencies Paper Core Competencies Paper Figure 1 shows the processes of product development, order fulfillment, apply chain management, and customer service in contrast to typical business functions such as sales, manufacturing, purchasing, and accounting. As companies become skilled at thinking processes, instead functional departments or products or markets, a new dimension Of strategy opens up. Consider Chaparral Steel, the tenth largest steel producer in the United States, a minimal of less than 1 ,OHO workers that nevertheless has set world productivity records several times and was the first American steel company to receive a Japanese Industrial Quality Certification. Chaparral management lows its competitors to tour its plants at will because they cant take (what we do best) home with them. Although Chaparral is known for its low cost and high technology, its core competency is not technology, but the ability to transform technology rapidly into new products and processes. By the time a competitor copies its current technology, Chaparral is confident they will have moved on to something else. Similarly, the Gap cant predict what young consumers will wear any better than other retailers, but it can offer them more choices and react quickly when styles or colors hit. The Gaps core competency in sourcing, logistics, and supply chains allows the company to introduce more than twenty new fashion lines into its stores each year. Centering strategy around processes makes it easier to identify core competencies. Do you remember the classic strategy tale of the buggy-whip manufacturer whose primary task of making buggy whips drove him out of business when other modes of transportation came on the scene? Would the buggy-whip manufacturer have succeeded if it had defined itself in terms of the transportation industry and converted to making cars? Probably not. The company had no expertise in internal combustion engines or metal chassis. But its competence in leather fabrication might have positioned it to manufacture leather gloves or handbags. Strategy is led by competencies. As a firm learns more about it competencies, a process orientation allows several interesting options for capitalizing on what a firm does best. Companies can further develop and exploit their competencies by: Enhancing the value a competency provides to customers. As a starting point companies should determine which processes matter most to their customers and work to improve the competencies related to them. This may lead to new opportunities. For example, Goodyear no longer just delivers tires to Invariants warehouse. It operates the tire warehouse for Invariants mounts and balances the tires on Invariants trucks. Federal Express not only delivers small parts and critical supplies for computer manufacturers and medical services, it maintains their inventory levels as well. Transforming an internal competence into a salable item. American Airlines markets its SABER reservation system to airlines and travel agents, and its maintenance system o other airlines. Triton of Massachusetts sells its telemarketing services: L. L Bean markets its customer service process; and Xerox, Westinghouse, AT T, and others have spun off firms to market their quality-improvement processes. Applying competencies in a creative way to new products and services. HR Block used its expertise in recruiting and managing short term employees during tax season to create a competitive advantage in the field of temporary services. Creating new competencies and finding new markets. John Deere, a farm equipment manufacturer, developed impenitence in financial services so that it could provide its retail dealer network with insurance. The company later sold these processes to automobile dealers, boat dealers, and recreational dealers. Rare and valuable resources and capabilities are the fundamental source of competitive advantage. Resources are tangible (e. G. , equipment, machinery, mail list), intangible (e. G. , brand name, customer knowledge, money), or human assets that the firm currently possesses. Resources likely emerge as the result of prior investments, actions or ongoing capabilities. Ive provided you with examples of John (Deers Company) marketing resources below. Knowledge and Informational Resources Customer information system (i. . , a CRM database) Customer knowledge or understanding Reseller (e. G. , retailer) knowledge or understanding Relational Resources Customer loyalty Customer relationships Reseller (e. G. , brokers, retailer) relationships Legal Resources Brand Trademarks Reputation Resources Brand equity Brand awareness Physical Resources Distribution network Retail locations Human Resourc es Company-owned sales force Organizational F-uncial Resources All forms of capital (money, plant, equipment) might be relevant, especially if the lack of these resources creates a constraint. And capabilities are compel patterns of skills in deploying resources (e. G. , patents, know-how, brand names, equipment) to perform a task or activity to produce a desired end result. Deere is particularly interested in dynamic capabilities that the company can apply to create, extend, or modify its resource base. Ive provided you with examples of John (Deers Company) marketing capabilities below. Product Management Ability to develop and deliver superior-q laity and/or customized goods and revise. Communications Management and Brand-building capability Ability to create and manage customer value perceptions leading to high levels of brand equity, using effective: positioning, advertising message delivery, personalized communications, and integrated marketing communications. Pricing Management Ability to extract the optimal revenue and profit from customers through price discrimination tactics, for example, using a sophisticated yield management system capability. This is unrelated to the ability to charge a high price (which is a function of product or marketing differentiation) or a owe price (which is a function of cost leadership). Channel Management Ability to establish and manage channels of distribution that effectively and efficiently deliver value to end-user customers. Customer Relationship Management Ability to identify profitable customers and prospects and initiate, maintain, and leverage relationships with these customers to create superior customs level profits. Requires data collection interpretation capability for individual customers, individual customer targeting capability, and personalized communications capability.

Long Term Paper 10 Pages

Long Term Paper 10 Pages Long Term Paper 10 Pages Long Term Paper 10 Pages Long term paper 10 pages cannot be written overnight, unless you are a professional writer.   Sure, you can try your luck copying a free term paper online. However, you should be ready to learn that other students have also submitted the same term paper. offers an effective solution - custom term paper writing service!   Our term paper writers are able to write a good paper for you from scratch.   Even if you need long term paper 10 pages within 24 hours, we can provide you with custom written paper with no plagiarism! Our free paper blog is full of excellent term paper samples. Excerpt of Term Paper on Abortion In studying the problem of when the fetus can be called human, Daniel Callahan in his book on abortion says that there are many answers depending on whether the investigator is a zoologist, an anthropologist or a sociologist, and that all these opinions must be taken into consideration along with the theologian's. There are those who be lieve the beginning of human life should be judged by genetic criteria (if you are conceived by human parents you are instantly human); and those, says Callahan, who believe in developmental criteria (some no one has decided how much development is required before a fetus can be called human); and those who would measure what is human with social criteria by measuring the social consequences of the decision. They say that since life is present in the sperm and egg before conception it is useless to say human life begins at any one point. They also point to the fact that people do not feel the same way emotionally toward an embryo or fetus as they do toward a living child. It is their view that since it is a human decision, social dilemmas must be taken into account. And there is a question of value, says Callahan. "While we may say that human life 'begins' at x point in the developmental process, we may not feel compelled to say that it is necessarily to be fully valued or fully protected at that point." But the question should not be, some say, whether or not the fetus is human, but whether the mother wants the child. It has been argued that the social evils involved in forced pregnancy against the will of the mother are worse than the possible evil of destroying the fetus. Critics of this have suggested that allowing a person the right to decide whether to grant human life to the fetus might encourage other such acts as mercy killing in the case of an incurably ill or very old person, infanticide in a case where there is mental or physical deformity, or a return of the gas chamber for criminals. And they have suggested also that if abortion on demand were allowed, if a woman knew she could get rid of the unborn child if she wanted to, it might encourage women to be freer, more promiscuous in their sexual relations. Not only theologians, but doctors are faced with moral, medical and legal dilemmas. Custom Term Paper Sample The above sample term paper is written on the topic abortion.   If you need individual help with writing a term paper, do not hesitate to use our term paper writing service. Our writers are able to write a custom term paper on any topic!   If your deadline is tomorrow, we will not let you down!   We can handle the most urgent deadlines!

The Scope of Policy, Issues and Contexts in AVE Essay

The Scope of Policy, Issues and Contexts in AVE - Essay Example We asked person who is responsible for project to find those information through community leaders and educate us. b. The major issues are Learning disability syndrome in the so called top management of an organization, because of its narrow vision and its adverse impact on other employees of the organization and CALD communities of an organization. c. The other major issues are how to handle depression among workers in an organization and to understand the learning abilities of exceptionally gifted people and translate that to a process for others in an organization. Training within Australia over the past 50-60 years has undergone some major alterations and changes to epistemological assumptions and educational paradigms. Prior to WWII a behaviouristic approach was taken to education (Eggan & Kauchak, 2001), whereby learners were perceived to be akin to sponges able to absorb information from a holder of knowledge or teacher. During and following WWII a more constructivist, cognitive and social constructivist educational approach (Eggan & Kauchak, 2001; Engestrm, 1994; P. Smith & Blake, 2006; P. Smith & Ragan, 2005) was adopted to provide learning in a more supportive environment. This new approach took into account the different learning styles of learners, acknowledged that learners bring different experiences and knowledge to training sessions, identified that learning can take place in a variety of situations and contexts, and that learning within social settings with real-life interactions and examples is more beneficial to learning than rote learning alone. This change in paradigms is no more evident than in the saying from Hoover (1996) that states "Constructivist teachers do not take the role of the "sage on the stage". Rather, teachers acts as "guides on the side" who provide students with opportunities to test the adequacy of their current understandings." Since the early 1990's there has also been significant emphasis on lifelong learning or education (Burns, 2002). Burns also states that the training emphasis has gone from educating young people for entry into the workforce to providing training and education continuously throughout a person's life as rapid changes in technology and the globalisation of economies forces people to change occupations several times during their working lives. Current issues that face governments (locally and internationally) and vocational and further education establishments are: - Skills shortages in some industries (Richardson, 2007) - The size and age of the workforce (Australia. Department of Education Science and Training, 2005; Burns, 2002) - The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) - Technological innovation and change (E. Smith &